void quickSort(int x[], int left, int right)
{
int i = left, j = right;
int tmp;
int pivot = x[(left + right) / 2];
while (i <= j)
{
while (x[i] < pivot)
i++;
while (x[j] > pivot)
j--;
if (i <= j)
{
tmp = x[i];
x[i] = x[j];
x[j] = tmp;
i++;
j--;
}
}
if (left < j)
quickSort(x, left, j);
if (i < right)
quickSort(x, i, right);
}
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
int x,y,c=1;
cout<<"Enter a number:"<<endl;
cin>>x;
y=x;
while(x>0)
{
for(int s=0;s<x;s++)
cout<<" ";
for(s=c;s>0;s--)
cout<<"*";
c+=2;
x--;
cout<<"\n";
}
c-=4;
x=(y-1);
while(x>0)
{
for(int s=y;s>=x;s--)
cout<<" ";
for(s=c;s>0;s--)
cout<<"*";
c-=2;
x--;
cout<<"\n";
}
}
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
void sort(char *[ ]);
int main( )
{
char *name[5] = {²sara², ²afsaneh², ²babak², ²saman², ²naser² };
sort(name);// display sorted strings
for(int i=0; i<5; ++i)
cout << name[ i ] << endl;
return 0; }
sort(char *name[ ])
{
char *t;
for(int i=0; i<4; ++i)
for(int j=i+1; j<5; ++j)
if(strcmpi(name[ i ], name[ j ]> 0)
{// interchange the two strings
t= name[ i ];
name[ j ] = name[ i ];
name[ i ] = t ;}
return ; }
#include <iostream.h>
long int factorial(int) ;
int main( )
{
int n ;
cout << ² n= ² ;
cin >> n ;
cout << endl << ² factorial = ² << factorial(n) << endl;
return 0 ;
}
long int factorial(int n)
{
if(n<=1)
return(1);
else
return(n *factorical(n-1) ) ;
}
#include <iostream.h>
long int fib(long int); // forward declaration
int main( )
{
long int r ;
int n ;
cout << ² Enter an integer value ² << endl ;
cin >> n ;
r = fib(n) ;
cout << r << endl ;
return 0 ;
}
long int fib(long int n)
{
if(n = = 1 || n= = 2)
return 1 ;
else
return(fib(n-1) + fib(n-2) ) ;
}
#include <stdlib.h>
#include < iostream.h>
int main( )
{
unsigned seed;
cout << "Enter seed value : " ;
cin >> seed ;
srand(seed);
for(int j=1; j<=10; ++j)
cout << rand( ) << ¢ \n ¢;
return 0 ;
}
#include <iostream.h>
int main( )
{
char next;
while((next = cin.get( ) ) !=EOF)
if(next != ¢ ¢ )
cout << next ;
return 0 ;
#include < iostream.h >
int main( )
{
float a, b, c;
cout << "Enter three real numbers" << endl ;
cin >> a >> b >> c; //
if(( a < b + c) &&(b < a+c) &&(c < a+b))
cout << "It is a triangle" ;
else
cout << "Not a triangle" ;
return 0 ;
}
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int a,c;
char b;
randomize();
for (int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
c=1+random(2);
a=1+random(9);
b=65+random(26);
switch (c)
{
case 1:
cout<<a;
break;
case 2:
cout<<b;
break;
}
}
getch();
}
برنامه ای بنویسید که ضرایب معادله درجه دوم را از ورودی بگیرد و معادله را حل کند
معادله درجه دوم:AX^2+BX+C=0
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
main(){
int a,b,c;
int x,x1,x2,delta;
cout<<"intere 3 adad";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
delta=b*b-4*a*c;
if (delta>0){
x1=(-b+sqrt(delta)/(2.*a));
x2=(-b-sqrt(delta)/(2.*a));
cout<<"x1="<<x1<<"x2="<<x2;
}
else
if (delta==0)
{
x=-b/(2.*a);
cout<<"x="<<x;
}
else
cout<<"not";
getch();
}
// string::find_first_of
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str ("PLease, replace the vowels in this sentence by asterisks.");
unsigned found = str.find_first_of("aeiou");
while (found!=std::string::npos)
{
str[found]='*';
found=str.find_first_of("aeiou",found+1);
}
std::cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
خروجی:
Pl**s*, *pl*c* th* v*w*ls *n th*s s*nt*nc* by *st*r*sks.
// appending to string
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str;
std::string str2="Writing ";
std::string str3="print 10 and then 5 more";
// used in the same order as described above:
str.append(str2); // "Writing "
str.append(str3,6,3); // "10 "
str.append("dots are cool",5); // "dots "
str.append("here: "); // "here: "
str.append(10u,'.'); // ".........."
str.append(str3.begin()+8,str3.end()); // " and then 5 more"
str.append<int>(5,0x2E); // "....."
std::cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
خروجی:Writing 10 dots here: .......... and then 5 more.....
برنامه ای بنویسید که عکس کلمات را نشان بدهد
// string::crbegin/crend
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str ("lorem ipsum");
for (auto rit=str.crbegin(); rit!=str.crend(); ++rit)
std::cout << *rit;
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
Output:muspi merol
[CSHARP]
// strings and c-strings
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str ("Please split this sentence into tokens");
char * cstr = new char [str.length()+1];
std::strcpy (cstr, str.c_str());
// cstr now contains a c-string copy of str
char * p = std::strtok (cstr," ");
while (p!=0)
{
std::cout << p << '\n';
p = strtok(NULL," ");
}
delete[] cstr;
return 0;
}
[/CSHARP]
نتیجه:
Please
split
this
sentence
into
tokens
ادغام رشته های متنی در زبان ++c
// inserting into a string
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str="to be question";
std::string str2="the ";
std::string str3="or not to be";
std::string::iterator it;
// used in the same order as described above:
str.insert(6,str2); // to be (the )question
str.insert(6,str3,3,4); // to be (not )the question
str.insert(10,"that is cool",8); // to be not (that is )the question
str.insert(10,"to be "); // to be not (to be )that is the question
str.insert(15,1,':'); // to be not to be(:) that is the question
it = str.insert(str.begin()+5,','); // to be(,) not to be: that is the question
str.insert (str.end(),3,'.'); // to be, not to be: that is the question(...)
str.insert (it+2,str3.begin(),str3.begin()+3); // (or )
std::cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
نتیجه:to be, or not to be: that is the question...
بدست آوردن طول رشته متنی در ++C
// string::length
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str ("Test string");
std::cout << "The size of str is " << str.length() << " characters.\n";
return 0;
}
خروجی:The size of str is 11 characters
// swap strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
main ()
{
std::string buyer ("money");
std::string seller ("goods");
std::cout << "Before the swap, buyer has " << buyer;
std::cout << " and seller has " << seller << '\n';
seller.swap (buyer);
std::cout << " After the swap, buyer has " << buyer;
std::cout << " and seller has " << seller << '\n';
return 0;
}
خروجی:
Before the swap, buyer has money and seller has goods
After the swap, buyer has goods and seller has money
// string::shrink_to_fit
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str (100,'x');
std::cout << "1. capacity of str: " << str.capacity() << '\n';
str.resize(10);
std::cout << "2. capacity of str: " << str.capacity() << '\n';
str.shrink_to_fit();
std::cout << "3. capacity of str: " << str.capacity() << '\n';
return 0;
}
خروجی:
1. capacity of str: 100
2. capacity of str: 100
3. capacity of str: 10
کاربرد string::rfind در++C با مثال:
// string::rfind
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str ("The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick.");
std::string key ("sixth");
unsigned found = str.rfind(key);
if (found!=std::string::npos)
str.replace (found,key.length(),"seventh");
std::cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
خروجی:The sixth sick sheik's seventh sheep's sick.
// string::substr
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str="We think in generalities, but we live in details.";
// (quoting Alfred N. Whitehead)
std::string str2 = str.substr (12,12); // "generalities"
unsigned pos = str.find("live"); // position of "live" in str
std::string str3 = str.substr (pos); // get from "live" to the end
std::cout << str2 << ' ' << str3 << '\n';
return 0;
}
خروجی:
generalities live in details.
// swap strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
main ()
{
std::string buyer ("money");
std::string seller ("goods");
std::cout << "Before the swap, buyer has " << buyer;
std::cout << " and seller has " << seller << '\n';
seller.swap (buyer);
std::cout << " After the swap, buyer has " << buyer;
std::cout << " and seller has " << seller << '\n';
return 0;
}
خروجی:
Before the swap, buyer has money and seller has goods
After the swap, buyer has goods and seller has money
مثال:
// invalid_argument example
#include <iostream> // std::cerr
#include <stdexcept> // std::invalid_argument
#include <bitset> // std::bitset
#include <string> // std::string
int main (void) {
try {
// bitset constructor throws an invalid_argument if initialized
// with a string containing characters other than 0 and 1
std::bitset<5> mybitset (std::string("01234"));
}
catch (const std::invalid_argument& ia) {
std::cerr << "Invalid argument: " << ia.what() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
خروجی:Invalid argument: bitset::_M_copy_from_string
// length_error example
#include <iostream> // std::cerr
#include <stdexcept> // std::length_error
#include <vector> // std::vector
int main (void) {
try {
// vector throws a length_error if resized above max_size
std::vector<int> myvector;
myvector.resize(myvector.max_size()+1);
}
catch (const std::length_error& le) {
std::cerr << "Length error: " << le.what() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
خروجی:Length error: vector::_M_fill_insert
// out_of_range example
#include <iostream> // std::cerr
#include <stdexcept> // std::out_of_range
#include <vector> // std::vector
int main (void) {
std::vector<int> myvector(10);
try {
myvector.at(20)=100; // vector::at throws an out-of-range
}
catch (const std::out_of_range& oor) {
std::cerr << "Out of Range error: " << oor.what() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
خروجی:Out of Range error: vector::_M_range_check
باز کردن فایلها در در ++C
// filebuf::close()
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
int main () {
std::ifstream is;
std::filebuf * fb = is.rdbuf();
fb->open ("test.txt",std::ios::in);
// appending operations
fb->close();
return 0;
}
std::filebuf::is_open
// filebuf::is_open() example
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
int main () {
std::ifstream is;
std::filebuf * fb = is.rdbuf();
fb->open ("test.txt",std::ios::in);
if ( fb->is_open() )
std::cout << "the file is open.\n";
else
std::cout << "the file is not open.\n";
fb->close();
return 0;
}
std::filebuf::open
// filebuf::open()
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
int main () {
std::ifstream is;
std::filebuf * fb = is.rdbuf();
fb->open ("test.txt",std::ios::out|std::ios::app);
// >> appending operations here <<
fb->close();
return 0;
}
مثال کپی کردن فایل:
// copy a file using file stream buffers
#include <fstream> // std::filebuf, std::fstream
#include <cstdio> // EOF
int main () {
std::fstream src,dest;
src.open ("test.txt");
dest.open ("copy.txt");
std::filebuf* inbuf = src.rdbuf();
std::filebuf* outbuf = dest.rdbuf();
char c = inbuf->sbumpc();
while (c != EOF)
{
outbuf->sputc (c);
c = inbuf->sbumpc();
}
dest.close();
src.close();
return 0;
}
// read file data using associated buffer's members
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <fstream> // std::filebuf, std::ifstream
int main () {
std::ifstream ifs ("test.txt", std::ifstream::binary);
// get pointer to associated buffer object
std::filebuf* pbuf = ifs.rdbuf();
// get file size using buffer's members
std::size_t size = pbuf->pubseekoff (0,ifs.end,ifs.in);
pbuf->pubseekpos (0,ifs.in);
// allocate memory to contain file data
char* buffer=new char[size];
// get file data
pbuf->sgetn (buffer,size);
ifs.close();
// write content to stdout
std::cout.write (buffer,size);
delete[] buffer;
return 0;
}
// print the content of a text file.
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <fstream> // std::ifstream
int main () {
std::ifstream ifs;
ifs.open ("test.txt", std::ifstream::in);
char c = ifs.get();
while (ifs.good()) {
std::cout << c;
c = ifs.get();
}
ifs.close();
return 0;
}
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